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Geography Notes

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Let us discuss some of the important geographical structures of Western Ghats-

Goran Ghat- It is situated to the south of Mount Abu. It connects the city of Udaipur with Sirohi and Jalore in Rajasthan.

Haldighat- It is a mountain pass in the Aravali range of Rajasthan. It connects Rajsamand and Pali district. It is historically important because of the historic battle of Haldighati which took place in 1576 between Rana Pratap Singh and the general of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, Raja Mansingh.

Bhor Ghat- It joins Mumbai with Pune.

Salher- Situated between Malegaon and Nashik.

Jog Falls- It is the higehst waterfall in India situated on Sharvati river at 250m.

Kudarmukh- Rich in Iron ore,it is situated in the state of Karnataka. The iron ore is of haematite and magnetite type.

Harishchandra- It is situated in the southern parts of Maharashtra from north-west to south-east. Covered with degraded forests it streches in the districts of Pune and Osmanabad.

Mahabaleshwar- It is located in Satara district of Maharashtra. It is a religious and cultural tourist attraction for domestic and international tourist.

Thal Ghat- It is located in the Sahyadri Ranges. The National Highway No.3 and the Bhopal-Indore Railway Line pass through the Thal Ghat.

The Nilgiri Hills- The Nilgiri Hills in the Western Ghats cover an area of about 2500 sq km and rise over 2500m. Udhagamandalam, one of the southern India’s most famous hill resorts, is located here.

Palghat- It is also known as the Palakkad gap. It is situated to the south of Nilgiri Hills. It joins the state of Tamil Nadu with the seaports of Kerala. The river Gayitri flows through it from east to west.

Kalsubai- It is situated in the state of Maharashtra. It is one of the highest peaks of Western Ghat.

Puspagiri- It is one of the highest peaks of the Western Ghats. It is abode of Dravidian tribes.

Points to Remember-

The Western Ghats are one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots with over 5,000 flowering plants, 139 mammals, 508 birds and 179 amphibian species.
At least 325 globally threatened species occur here.
The range covers 60,000km2 and forms the catchment area for a complex of river systems that drain almost 40% of India.
At 2695m, Mt Anamudi in Kerala, India is the highest peak in the Western Ghats.
The Western Ghats are being considered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

पश्चिमी घाट

पश्चिमी घाट की पर्वत श्रृंखला, एक वैश्विक जैव विविधता हॉटस्पॉट, भारत के पश्चिमी तट के साथ उत्तर में ताप्ती नदी से लेकर भारत के दक्षिणी सिरे (केप कैमोरिन) तक फैली हुई है।

अरब सागर में भूमि के एक हिस्से के नीचे से गिरने के कारण ये ब्लॉक पर्वत हैं।

उनकी स्थिति पश्चिमी घाटों को जैविक रूप से समृद्ध और जैव भौगोलिक रूप से अद्वितीय बनाती है - जैव विविधता का एक सत्य खजाना घर।

इस क्षेत्र में बड़े स्तनधारियों का शानदार जमावड़ा है - दुनिया के एशियाई हाथी (एलिफस मैक्सिमस) की आबादी का लगभग 30 प्रतिशत और दुनिया के मौजूदा बाघों (पेंथेरा टाइग्रिस) का 17 प्रतिशत इस क्षेत्र को अपना घर कहते हैं।

पश्चिमी घाट या सह्याद्रिस प्रायद्वीप का एक जलक्षेत्र बनाते हैं।

गोदावरी, कृष्णा और कावेरी जैसी नदियाँ पश्चिमी घाट से उठती हैं।

कुद्रेमुख, पुष्पगिरि, कालसुबाई और सालर, महाबलेश्वर और हरिश्चंद्र पश्चिमी घाट की महत्वपूर्ण चोटियाँ हैं।

नीलगिरी में पूर्वी घाट एक पहाड़ी गाँठ (नीलगिरि) बनाने के लिए पश्चिमी घाट से जुड़ता है जिसका सबसे ऊँचा स्थान अनाईमुडी है।

आइए पश्चिमी घाट की कुछ महत्वपूर्ण भौगोलिक संरचनाओं के बारे में चर्चा करते हैं-

गोरान घाट- यह माउंट आबू के दक्षिण में स्थित है। यह राजस्थान में उदयपुर शहर को सिरोही और जालौर से जोड़ता है